UNDERSTANDING DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY THROUGH LEARNER EXPECTATIONS OF AN UNDERGRADUATE PHYSICS LABORATORY PROGRAM

BACKGROUND Education can be thought of as a system formalising cross-generational knowledge transfer, allowing learners to participate in society. ‘Folk knowledge’ acquired from their environment is added to by accumulated secondary knowledge (Geary, 2008). Science as a discipline is informed by the nature of science. Teaching scientific inquiry must adapt to the learner’s prior development (Cornish et. al., 2019). At university, the learner starts transitioning into communities of practice (Vygotsky, 1978). This is captured and measured at the Australian level by the Science Learning Threshold Learning Outcomes (Jones, Yates & Kelder, 2001; Barrie et. al., 2015). AIMS The aim of the study is to understand learner’s expectations of the development of scientific inquiry skills in the transition between learning environments. DESIGN AND METHODS A newly developed survey instrument was delivered to first-year undergraduate physics students in 2015 and 2017, receiving 1493 responses. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was conducted in IBM SPSS 24 and AMOS to generate factors corresponding to scientific inquiry. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS Regardless of their prior development, learners start university with similar expectations of developing their understanding of science inquiry. This study informs the development of students as they integrate into the community of practice of science. REFERENCES Barrie, S., Bucat, R., Buntine, M., Burke Da Silva, K., Crisp, G., George, A., Jamie, I., Kable, S., Lim, K., Pyke, S., Read, J., Sharma, M., & Yeung, A. (2015). Development, Evaluation and Use of a Student Experience Survey in Undergraduate Science Laboratories: The Advancing Science by Enhancing Learning in the Laboratory Student Laboratory Learning Experience Survey. International Journal of Science Education, 37(11), 1795–1814. https://doi.org/10.1080/09500693.2015.1052585 Cornish, S., Yeung, A., Kable, S. H., Orgill, M., & Sharma, M. D. (2019). Using teacher voices to develop the ASELL Schools professional development workshops. Teaching Science, 65(1), 4. Geary, D. (2008). An Evolutionarily Informed Education Science. Educational Psychologist: Evolution of the Educated Species, 43(4), 179–195. https://doi.org/10.1080/00461520802392133 Jones, S., Yates, B. & Kelder, J. A. (2001). Science Teaching and Learning Academic Statement. Support for the original work was provided by the Australian Learning and Teaching Council Ltd, an initiative of the Australian Government. Retrieved from http://www.acds-tlcc.edu.au/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2016/11/altc_standards_SCIENCE_240811_v3-1.pdf. Vygotsky, L. (1978) Mind in Society: Development of Higher Psychological Processes. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press

Analysis of P1 Latency in Normal Hearing and Profound Sensorineural Hearing Loss

ObjectivesP1 is a robust positivity at a latency of 50-150 msec in the auditory evoked potential of young children. It has been reported that over the first 2-3 years of life, there is a rapid decrease of the latency and the mean P1 latency in adults with normal hearing is approximately 60 msec. This study was designed to evaluate the change of the P1 latency in Koreans with normal hearing according to age and to compare this with the P1 latency of young patients with profound sensorineural hearing loss before and/or after cochlear implantation.MethodsAmong the patients who visited the Department of Otorhinolaryngology at Seoul National University Hospital from June 2007 to September 2009, the P1 response was recorded in 53 patients in the normal hearing group, in 13 patients in the pre-cochlear implantation (CI) group and in 10 patients in the post-CI group. A synthesized consonant-vowel syllable /ba/ was used to elicit the evoked responses. The evoked responses were collected using the center of the frontal head. For each subject, an individual grand average waveform was computed by averaging the ten recordings. The P1 latency was visually identified as a robust positivity in the waveform.ResultsFor the normal hearing group, the P1 latency showed the pattern of shortening as the age increased (coefficient, -0.758; P<0.001). For the pre-CI group, 10 cases showed delayed latencies and 3 cases did not show the P1 wave. For the post-CI group, the P1 latencies showed a less delayed tendency than those of the pre-CI group, but this was not statistically different.ConclusionThis report provides the standard value of the P1 latency at each age in Koreans for the first time and the findings support that the maturation of the central auditory pathways could be measured objectively using the P1 latency

Erratum to: A genome-wide assessment of genetic diversity and population structure of Korean native cattle breeds

Background: The native cattle breeds are an important genetic resource for meat and milk production throughout Asia. In Asia cattle were domesticated around 10,000 years ago and in Korea cattle are being raised since 2000 B.C. There are three native breeds of cattle in Korea viz. Brown Hanwoo, Brindle Hanwoo and Jeju Black. While one of these breeds, Brown Hanwoo, is a part of a Food and Agricultural Organization and national genetic evaluation plans, others get little attention. This study is an effort to understand and provide a detailed insight into the population structure and genetic variability of the Korean cattle breeds along with other Asian breeds using various methods. In this study we report the genetic variation and structure of the Korean cattle breeds and their comparison with five other Asian cattle breeds along with a panel of animals from European taurine, African taurine and indicine cattle breeds. Results: Asian cattle were found to be least differentiated which reflects their recent history. Amongst the Asian breeds Hainan, which is an indicine breed, had the lowest gene diversity while Yanbian had the highest followed by Mongolian and Korean cattle. Amongst the Korean breeds Brown Hanwoo had the highest diversity followed by Brindle Hanwoo and Jeju Black. The genetic diversity in Asian cattle breeds was found comparable to the European taurines and more than the African taurines and Zebu cattle. Korean cattle breed, Brown Hanwoo was consistently found to be closer to Yanbian, a Chinese cattle breed. We found low divergence and moderate levels of genetic diversity among the native Korean breeds. Indicine introgression from Hainan was seen in other Asian breeds. From Europe, Limousin, Holstein and Hereford introgression was found in Asian breeds. Conclusions: In this study we provide a genome-wide insight into the genetic history of the native cattle breeds of Korea. The outcomes of this study will help in prioritization and designing of the conservation plans

Solar System Escape Trajectories Using Solar Sails

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/76979/1/AIAA-2354-496.pd

Building solids inside nano-space: from confined amorphous through confined solvate to confined ‘metastable’ polymorph

The nanocrystallisation of complex molecules inside mesoporous hosts and control over the resulting structure is a significant challenge. To date the largest organic molecule crystallised inside the nano-pores is a known pharmaceutical intermediate – ROY (259.3 g mol1). In this work we demonstrate smart manipulation of the phase of a larger confined pharmaceutical – indomethacin (IMC, 357.8 g mol1), a substance with known conformational flexibility and complex polymorphic behaviour. We show the detailed structural analysis and the control of solid state transformations of encapsulated molecules inside the pores of mesoscopic cellular foam (MCF, pore size ca. 29 nm) and controlled pore glass (CPG, pore size ca. 55 nm). Starting from confined amorphous IMC we drive crystallisation into a confined methanol solvate, which upon vacuum drying leads to the stabilised rare form V of IMC inside the MCF host. In contrast to the pure form, encapsulated form V does not transform into a more stable polymorph upon heating. The size of the constraining pores and the drug concentration within the pores determine whether the amorphous state of the drug is stabilised or it recrystallises into confined nanocrystals. The work presents, in a critical manner, an application of complementary techniques (DSC, PXRD, solid-state NMR, N2 adsorption) to confirm unambiguously the phase transitions under confinement and offers a comprehensive strategy towards the formation and control of nano-crystalline encapsulated organic solids